The lithium-ion battery (LiB) celebrates its 25th anniversary this year, Despite many promises and announcements of scientific breakthroughs, the pace of improvements in LiB cell performance remains slow. Nanomaterials and nano-architectures have indeed the potential to enhance the charging rate and energy density of the battery cell, but parasitic side reactions and material integrity issues hinder its practical implementation. In this lecture, we will explore the fundamental hurdles and challenges for the introduction of nanomaterials into cell technology. Also the next generation battery technology concepts and roadmaps will be discussed.