Nanomaterials (NMs) are unique for their characteristics. For those specific properties, the NMs are applied on environmenta remediation, electronic industry, energy production, cosmetic industry, medicine, and other areas of material science, showing an opportunity to produce diverse compounds for improving and developing agricultural products such as nano-pesticides, nano-herbicides, nano-fertilizers, as protective coatings and nano-based sensors. As nanotechnology applications increases, more information is needed concerning the impacts (beneficial or not) on plants, animals, and human health. These nanomaterials in the soil can alter biological processes, promoting changes in plant growth and plant diseases, turning into toxicological effects all over the food chain. It is, therefore, crucial to understand the interaction of NMs with plants at different levels for regulation of the appropriate use of NMs for sustainable agriculture and increased agricultural productivity.