A Multiplexed 16-element e-NOSE Biochip for Hemorrhagic Trauma Monitoring


BMES 2025 | event contribution
Oct. 8, 2025 | San Diego, CA, USA

The capacity of mammalian expired breath to serve as a non-invasive source of biomarkers has long been recognized in medical diagnostics (1). The dynamically progressing pathophysiology of hemorrhagic trauma (significant blood loss due to injury, leading to a reduction in circulating blood volume and inadequate tissue perfusion) results in biomolecular changes systemically, within the large muscle groups particularly, and manifests in changes in the composition of the expired breath (2). Peripheral vasoconstriction and a shift toward anaerobic respiration, particularly within the large muscle groups, overwhelm the adaptive compensatory mechanisms and results in molecular pathophysiology that is still to be fully understood. Associated temporal changes in the relative abundance of ketones (e.g., acetone, 2-butanone), aldehydes (e.g., hexanal, heptanal), alcohols (e.g., propanol, ethanol), hydrocarbons (e.g., isoprene), amines and sulfur compounds (due to protein breakdown) within the expired breath may serve as effective biomarkers to inform patient status in the ER and the ICU (3). We report on an electronic NOSE (e_NOSE) (Natural Olfactory Sensor Emulator) for “smelling” the composition of the expired breath of victims of hemorrhagic trauma. Today’s bioelectronic devices serve as adjuncts to clinical care, allowing evidence-based stratified intervention (4).


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A Multiplexed 16-element e-NOSE Biochip for Hemorrhagic Trauma Monitoring


BMES 2025 | event contribution
Oct. 8, 2025 | San Diego, CA, USA

The capacity of mammalian expired breath to serve as a non-invasive source of biomarkers has long been recognized in medical diagnostics (1). The dynamically progressing pathophysiology of hemorrhagic trauma (significant blood loss due to injury, leading to a reduction in circulating blood volume and inadequate tissue perfusion) results in biomolecular changes systemically, within the large muscle groups particularly, and manifests in changes in the composition of the expired breath (2). Peripheral vasoconstriction and a shift toward anaerobic respiration, particularly within the large muscle groups, overwhelm the adaptive compensatory mechanisms and results in molecular pathophysiology that is still to be fully understood. Associated temporal changes in the relative abundance of ketones (e.g., acetone, 2-butanone), aldehydes (e.g., hexanal, heptanal), alcohols (e.g., propanol, ethanol), hydrocarbons (e.g., isoprene), amines and sulfur compounds (due to protein breakdown) within the expired breath may serve as effective biomarkers to inform patient status in the ER and the ICU (3). We report on an electronic NOSE (e_NOSE) (Natural Olfactory Sensor Emulator) for “smelling” the composition of the expired breath of victims of hemorrhagic trauma. Today’s bioelectronic devices serve as adjuncts to clinical care, allowing evidence-based stratified intervention (4).


Presenter

Authors

Related groups